Please read these papers which describe early phases of SDI development:

1. Masser, I., 1999. All shapes and sizes: the first generation of national spatial data infrastructures. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 13 (1), 67–84.

2. Crompvoets, J. ; Bregt, A. ; Rajabifard, A. ; Williamson, I. ; 2004. Assessing the worldwide developments of national spatial data clearinghouses. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol.18 (7), p.665-690 Taylor & Francis Ltd

3.  National SDI (NSDI) development in US its efforts and issues are discussed in article  "Governance of the NSDI" written by Will Craig, 2009 (https://www.esri.com/news/arcnews/fall09articles/governance-of-nsdi.html  ).

SDI has been developed in most countries of the world since late 1990s.  Techniques commonly used in today’s SDIs were not available for the first generation of SDIs. SDIs are continuously evolving with the technological advancements as they heavily rely on information technologies. Please discuss how the emergence of new technologies could improve or develop SDIs in various aspects? How changed the original focus of implementing SDI as improving data discovery and access of the first generation later on. (500 words)

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