Spatial Representations and Spatial Data Infrastructures

Scientific papers, white papers:

• Spatial Data Standards and GIS Interoperability,  2003 Online http://www.esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/spatial-data-standards.pdf  accessed 21.08.2018 An ESRI ® White Paper • January

Software tools: Internet Browser/Internet access.

Additional literature:

• The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an international community that develops open standards to ensure the long-term growth of the Web. Make familiar yourself with W3C standards.
• Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
• The International Standards Organisation (ISO) Technical Committee for 'Geographic Information / Geomatics) = TC 211.